H30.REV

INSULATION

NOTE: FINAL COPY: JANUARY, 1987.

Part 1 -	GENERAL

1)	WORK INCLUDED

A.	Work in this Section includes the providing of labor, materials, equipment and services necessary for a complete and safe installation in accordance with the contract documents and all applicable codes and authorities having jurisdiction for the following

NOTE: INDICATE ALL WORK TO BE COVERED BY THIS SECTION. EDIT PORTIONS OF WORK INDICATED TO SUIT PROJECT

1.	Piping.

2.	Ductwork, casings, plenums and housing.

3.	Equipment

4.	----------.

B.	Non-insulated piping, ductwork and equipment are listed under Applications

C.	Definitions:

1.	Exposed: indoor ducts, piping or equipment located in mechanical equipment rooms and in areas which will be visible without removing ceilings or opening access panels

2.	Concealed: indoor ducts, piping or equipment which is not exposed

3.	Outdoor: ducts, piping or equipment which is exposed to the weather

4.	Underground: ducts, piping or equipment which are buried, whereas ducts, piping or equipment located in a trench below grade is considered concealed

2)	RELATED WORK AND REQUIREMENTS

A.	Requirements of GENERAL CONDITIONS, DIVISION NO. 1 and Section GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR HEATING, VENTILATING AND AIR CONDITIONING WORK apply to all work in this Section

NOTE: EDIT TO SUIT PROJECT REQUIREMENTS. INCLUDE ONLY SECTIONS DIRECTLY AFFECTING WORK OF THIS SECTION

B.	Related work in the following Sections:

1.	PIPING.

2.	STEAM SYSTEM.

3.	HOT WATER SYSTEM.

4.	CHILLED WATER SYSTEM.

5.	SHEET METAL WORK.

6.	AIR HANDLING SYSTEM EQUIPMENT.

7.	-----.

3)	REFERENCE STANDARDS

A.	Published Specifications' standards, tests or recommended methods of trade, industry or governmental organizations apply to work in this Section

B.	Comply with all applicable national, state and local codes and refer to Section GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR HEATING, VENTILATING AND AIR CONDITIONING WORK for additional Reference Standards

4)	QUALITY ASSURANCE

A.	All insulation materials, including jackets, facings, adhesives, coatings, and accessories, shall be fire hazard rated and listed by Underwriters' Laboratory, Inc., using the Steiner Tunnel Test Method for Fire Hazard Classification of Building Materials, Standard UL 723 (ASTM E-84) and NFPA 255

1.	The Underwriters' Laboratory, Inc. listed Class I flamespread rating shall be a maximum of 25 and the fuel contributed and smoke developed rating shall be a maximum of 50

NOTE: AP ARMAFLEX FOAM PIPE INSULATION 1/2 INCH AND 3/8 INCH WALL THICKNESS HAS BEEN ACCEPTED FOR USE IN NEW YOR CITY. FOR OTHER MATERIALS AND THICKNESS CONTACT MANUFACTURE PRIOR TO USE IN N.Y.C. ALSO EDIT BASE BID MANUFACTURER

2.	The only exceptions to the above flamespread and smoke developed ratings will be flexible uni-cellular insulation (Types P-6 and D-9)

3.	Flameproofing treatments which are subject to deterioration from moisture or humidity are not acceptable

B.	Refer to Section GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR HEATING, VENTILATING AND AIR CONDITIONING WORK for Guarantee and other Quality Assurance requirements

5)	SUBMITTALS

A.	Submit shop drawings for insulation materials, vapor barrier materials, adhesives, fastening devices and finishes and jacketing

B.	Submit a schedule listing the work that will be insulated and a description of insulation materials and finishing procedures and a certificate indicating compliance with code

Part 2 -	PRODUCTS

1)	BASE BID MANUFACTURERS

A.	Fiberglass insulation: Certain Teed Corp., Manville Corp., Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp. and Knauf Fiber Glass

B.	Pre-molded fiberglass insulation pipe fitting and covers: Molded Acoustical Products, Speed-Line Manufacturer, Starr Davis and Hamfab Corp., Epolux Manufacturing Corp

C.	Calcium silicate insulation: Manville Corp. and Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp

D.	Cellular glass insulation: Pittsburgh Corning Co.

NOTE: ARMSTRONG ADHESIVE IS USED FOR ARMAFLEX INSULATION ONLY:

E.	Finishes, adhesives and sealants: Foster Products Div., H.B. Fuller Co., Epolux Mfg. Co., Childers Products Co. and Armstrong World Industries

F.	Weld pins: AGM Industries, Inc. and Duro-Dyne Corp.

G.	Weatherproof aluminum jacket: Epolux Mfg. Corp., Manville Corp., Pabco, Inc., Premetco, Inc. and Childers Products Co

H.	PVC pre-molded fitting covers (UL Class 1): Manville Corp. (Zeston)

I.	Flexible uni-cellular insulation: Armstrong World Industries Inc., Manville Corp. and Rubatex Corp

J.	Insulating & finishing cement: Keene Corp., Insulation Industries, Inc. and Ryder Industries, Inc

K.	Insulating tapes: Compac Corp., Nashua Tapes, Nashua Corp. and Fasson

2)	PIPE INSULATION

A.	Type P-1: molded fiberglass. The maximum K factor shall be 0.23 at 75 deg F mean temperature with a minimum density of 4 lb. The insulation shall be provided with a factory-applied all service or all purpose jacket consisting of fire retardant laminate of white kraft facing, glass scrim reinforcing and aluminum foil. The insulation shall be similar to Owens-Corning 650 ASJ

B.	Type P-2: molded calcium silicate. The maximum K factor shall be 0.44 at 300 deg F mean temperature with a minimum density of 12 lb. The insulation shall be furnished without a factory applied jacket. The insulations shall be similar to Owens - Corning Kaylo - 10

C.	Type P-3: molded fiberglass fittings. The maximum K factor shall be 0.23 at 75 deg F mean temperature with a minimum density of 4 lb. The insulation shall be similar to Epolux Hamfab Molded Fittings

D.	Type P-4: fiberglass fitting inserts. The maximum K factor shall be 0.28 at 75 deg F mean temperature with a minimum density of 1 lb. The insulation shall be similar to Manville Hi-Lo Temp Insulation Inserts

E.	Type P-5: molded cellular glass. The maximum K factor shall be 0.42 at 75 deg F mean temperature with a minimum density of 8.5 lb. The insulation shall be furnished without a factory-applied jacket. The insulation shall be similar to Pittsburgh Corning Foamglas

NOTE: AP ARMAFLEX PIPE INSULATION 1/2 INCH AND 3/8 INCH WALL THICKNESS HAS BEEN APPROVED FOR USE IN NYC. FOR OTHER MATERIALS AND THICKNESS CHECK WITH MANUFACTUER AND EDIT

F.	Type P-6: molded foamed plastic. The maximum K factor shall be 0.27 at 75 deg F mean temperature with a minimum density of 6 lb. The maximum permeance shall be 0.17. The insulation shall be similar to Armstrong Armaflex II

G.	Type P-7: insulating cement. It shall have a rock-wool base, be asbestos free and be hydraulic setting. The insulation shall be similar to Keene Super Powerhouse

3)	DUCT AND EQUIPMENT INSULATION

A.	Type D-1: Fiberglass blanket. The maximum K factor shall be 0.28 at 75 deg F mean temperature with a minimum density of 0.75 lb. The insulation shall be provided with a factory-applied foil-scrim-kraft facing. The insulation shall be similar to Manville Microlite

B.	Type D-2: 3 lb fiberglass board. The maximum K factor shall be 0.23 at 75 deg F mean temperature with a minimum density of 3 lb. The insulation shall be provided with a factory-applied all purpose or all service facing. The insulation shall be equal to Manvill Type 814 Spin-Glas AP

C.	Type D-3: Fiberglass board. The maximum K factor shall be 0.22 at 75 deg F mean temperature with a minimum density of 6 lb. The insulation shall be provided with a factory-applied all purpose or all service facing. The insulation shall be similar to Manville 817 Spin-Glas AP

D.	Type D-4: Weatherproof fiberglass board. The maximum K factor shall be 0.22 at 75 deg F mean temperature with a minimum density of 6 lb. The insulation shall be provided with a factory-applied all purpose or all service jacket facing. The insulation shall be similar to Manville Type 817 Spin-Glas AP

E.	Type D-5: neoprene coated fiberglass board. The maximum K factor shall be 0.23 at 75 deg F mean temperature with a minimum density of 3 lb. The black neoprene coating shall be located on the air stream side. The insulation shall be similar to Owens-Corning Duct Liner Board and be in compliance with NFPA 90A

F.	Type D-6: Calcium silicate block. The maximum K factor shall be 0.44 at 300 deg F mean temperature with a minimum density of 12 lb. The block shall be scored as required to fit round ducts and equipment. The insulation shall be asbestos free and be similar to Manville Thermo-12

G.	Type D-7: Vermiculite fireproof plaster. The plaster shall contain mineral wool binders, be asbestos free and be similar to International Vermiculite Co. Therm-O-Seal

H.	Type D-8: cellular glass sheets. The maximum K factor shall be 0.42 at 75 deg F mean temperature with a minimum density of 8.5 lb. The insulation shall be similar to Pittsburgh-Corning Foamglas

NOTE: TYPE D-9 DUCT INSULATION IS NOT ACCEPTABLE FOR USE IN NYC

I.	Type D-9: foamed plastic. The maximum K factor shall be 0.27 at 75 deg F mean temperature with a minimum density 6 lb. The maximum permeance shall be 0.17. The insulation shall be similar to Armstrong Armaflex II

4)	FINISHES, ADHESIVES, SEALANTS AND JACKETS

A.	Type F-1: fitting covers. The covers shall be molded white PVC jacket, UL Class 1 with a maximum permeance of 0.05. The covers shall be similar to Manville Zeston

B.	Type F-2: vapor barrier coating. The white vapor barrier coating shall be applied over 10 x 10 or 20 x 20 mesh white glass, polyester or nylon cloth reinforcing membranes. It shall have a 31 mil dry film thickness with a maximum permeance of 0.05. The coating shall be similar to Foster Tite-Fit 30-35 with UL label

C.	Type F-3: vinyl acrylic finish. The white vinyl acrylic breather mastic shall be applied over 10 x 10 or 20 x 20 mesh white glass, polyester or nylon cloth reinforcing membrane. It shall have a 51 mil dry film thickness. The mastic shall be similar to Foster GPM Mastic 35-00 with UL label

D.	Type F-4: aluminum jacketing. The jacketing shall have a minimum 0.016 inch wall thickness and have longitudinal joints with lock seams

E.	Type F-5: elastomeric vapor barrier mastic. The elastomer based vapor barrier mastic shall be applied over 10 x 10 or 20 x 20 glass, polyester or nylon cloth reinforcing membrane. It shall have a 50 mil dry film thickness. The mastic shall be similar to Foster Monolar 60-38 or 60-56

F.	Type F-6: white finishing and insulating cement. One (1) coat shall be applied over hexagonal wire mesh. The cement shall be similar to Keene Superslick

G.	Type F-7: off-white vapor seal adhesive. The adhesive shall be non-flammable, solvent based, quick setting and with a maximum permeance of 0.05. The adhesive shall be equal to Foster Spark-fas 85-20

H.	Type F-8: aluminum colored vapor barrier sealant. The sealant shall be a fast drying solvent based elastomer equal to Foster Elastolar 95-44

I.	Type F-9: flexible vapor barrier sealant and bedding compound. The compound shall be equal to Foster Foamseal 30-45

J.	Type F-10: stainless steel jacketing. The jacketing shall be a minimum of 0.010 inches thick

5)	WIRE, BANDING AND FASTENING DEVICES

A.	The wire shall be a minimum 16 gauge copper clad annealed steel wire. The bands shall be 3/4 inch nominal width with wing seals, of minimum thickness as follows

1.	Aluminum: 0.007 inches where exposed to weather, 0.020 inches

2.	Galvanized steel: 0.005 inches.

3.	Stainless steel: 0.005 inches.

B.	The staples shall be the outward clinching type of corrosion resistant steel. The weld pins which support and fasten the duct insulation shall be a minimum 1/8 inch diameter with speed washer or integral flange of minimum 1 3/8 inch diameter. The metal lathe shall consist of galvanized steel

C.	Insulation tape: the tape shall be UL rated with all service or foil-scrim jacket to match insulation and of width as noted. The tape shall be similar to Compac Corp. UL ASJ or UL FKJ PS Tape

6)	PIPING, VALVES AND FITTING

NOTE: EDIT AS REQUIRED.

A.	Low temperature piping systems - up to 100 deg F. including:

1.	Chilled water supply and return.

2.	Hot water supply and return.

3.	Indoor condenser water supply and return.

4.	Outdoor condenser water supply and return.

5.	Outdoor cooling tower make-up water.

6.	Absorption refrigeration evaporator.

7.	Boiler make-up water.

8.	Water treatment by-pass chemical feed.

9.	Water runouts to fan-coil units.

B.	Insulation schedule: = = -------------------------------------------------- ---------- = INSULATION SCHEDULE - LOW TEMPERATURE SYSTEMS = = INDOOR OUTDOOR = PIPE: TYPE P-1 P-1 = FINISH - F-4 = FITTINGS & VALVES: TYPE P-3 or P-4 P-3 = FINISH F-4 = THICKNESS: UP TO 4 IN. IPS 1 INCH 1 IN. = OVER 4 IN. IPS 1 1/2 INCH 1 1/2 IN. = VAPORSEAL REQD: YES YES = -------------------------------------------------- ------------- =

NOTE: EDIT AS REQUIRED.

C.	Low temperature hot piping systems - 100 deg F to 250 deg

1.	including:

2.	Low temperature hot water supply and return.

3.	Emergency generator radiator jacket cooling water.

4.	Heated fuel oil.

5.	Low pressure steam supply to 15 psig.

6.	Low pressure condensate return, except steam traps, steam trap assembly from dirt leg to shutoff valve downstream of trap, condensate cooler discharge and radiation runouts concealed in radiator enclosures

7.	Pumped condensate discharge.

8.	Boiler blowdown; drain and safety valve to 8 ft above finished floor or equipment platform

D.	Insulation schedule: = = -------------------------------------------------- ---------------- = INSULATION SCHEDULE - LOW TEMPERATURE HOT PIPING SYSTEMS = = INDOOR OUTDOOR UNDGRD = PIPE: TYPE P-1 P-1 P-5 = FINISH --- F-4 --- = FITTINGS & VALVES: TYPE P-3 or P-4 P-3 P-5 = FINISH F-1 F-4 --- = THICKNESS: UP TO 2 IN. IPS 1 1/2 IN. 2 IN. 1 1/2 IN. = 2 1/2 to 4 IN.IPS 2 IN. 3 IN. 1 1/2 IN. = OVER 4 IN. IPS 2 1/2 IN. 3 1/2 IN. 2 IN. = VAPORSEAL REQD: NO NO NO = -------------------------------------------------- ------------------- =

NOTE: EDIT AS REQUIRED.

E.	Medium temperature piping systems: 251 to 338 deg F. including

1.	Medium pressure steam supply 16 to 100 psig.

2.	Medium pressure steam condensate return, except steam traps

3.	Medium temperature hot water.

F.	Insulation schedule: = = -------------------------------------------------- ---------------- = INSULATION SCHEDULE - MEDIUM TEMPERATURE PIPING SYSTEMS = = INDOOR OUTDOOR UNDGRD = PIPE: TYPE P-1 P-1 P-5 = FINISH --- F-4 --- = FITTINGS & VALVES: TYPE P-3 or P-4 P-3 P-5 = FINISH F-2 or F-1 F-4 --- = THICKNESS: UP TO 2 IN. IPS 2 IN. 2 1/2 IN. 3 IN. = 2 1/2 to 4 IN. IPS 3 IN. 3 1/2 IN. 4 IN. = OVER 4 IN. IPS 3 1/2 IN. 4 IN. 4 1/2 IN. = VAPORSEAL REQD: NO NO NO = -------------------------------------------------- ------------------ =

NOTE: EDIT AS REQUIRED.

G.	High temperature piping system: 339 to 450 deg F. including:

1.	High pressure steam 101 to 400 psig.

2.	High pressure steam condensate return, except steam traps

3.	High temperature hot water.

H.	Insulation schedule: = = -------------------------------------------------- ----------------- = INSULATION SCHEDULE - HIGH TEMPERATURE PIPING SYSTEMS = = INDOOR OUTDOOR UNDGRD = PIPE: TYPE P-1 P-1 P-5 = FINISH --- F-4 --- = FITTINGS & VALVES: TYPE P-3 or P-4 P-3 P-5 = FINISH F-2 or F-1 F-4 --- = THICKNESS: UP TO 2 1/2 IN. IPS 2 IN. 2 1/2 IN. 3 IN. = 2 1/2 to 4 IN. IPS 3 IN. 3 1/2 IN. 3 1/2 IN. = OVER 4 IN. IPS 4 IN. 4 1/2 IN. 4 1/2 IN. = VAPORSEAL REQD: NO NO NO = -------------------------------------------------- ------------------- =

NOTE: EDIT AS REQUIRED.

I.	Very high temperature piping systems: 451 to 1200 deg F including

1.	Very high pressure steam over 400 psig.

2.	Indoor engine exhaust piping.

J.	Insulation schedule: = = -------------------------------------------------- ------------------ = INSULATION SCHEDULE - VERY HIGH TEMPERATURE PIPING SYSTEMS = = INDOOR OUTDOOR UNDGRD = PIPE: TYPE P-2 P-2 --- = FINISH F-4 F-4 --- = FITTINGS & VALVES: TYPE P-2 P-2 --- = FINISH F-4 F-10 --- = THICKNESS: UP TO 2 IN. IPS 3 IN. 3 IN. --- = 2 1/2 to 4 IN. IPS 4 IN. 4 IN. --- = OVER 4 IN. IPS 4 1/2 IN. 4 1/2 IN. --- = VAPORSEAL REQD: NO NO NO = -------------------------------------------------- ------------------- =

K.	Insulate miscellaneous cold piping, including refrigeration suction lines, cooling coil drain runouts and cooling coil condensate drain lines as follows

1.	Type P-6 insulation shall be 1 1/2 inch thickness with Type P-6 (mitered) fittings and Type F-6 finish

2.	Type P-1 insulation shall be as follows: Thickness for refrigeration suction lines shall be 1 1/2 inch to 6 inch IPS and 2 inch for over 6 inch IPS. For cooling coil drain runouts and condensate drain lines, insulation shall be 1/2 inch thick. For fittings provide Type P-3 with Type F-2 finish or type P-4 with Type F-1 finish

L.	insulate city water make up piping with Type P-1 insulation 1/2 inch thick. Where piping is exposed to outdoor, insulate piping with Type P-1 1 1/2 inch thick and oversized to fit over pipe and heating element. Outdoor piping shall be provided with F-4 or F-10 jacket

M.	Non-insulated piping shall be gas, non-heated fuel oil, condenser water, except as noted otherwise, and pneumatic control air

NOTE: EDIT AS REQUIRED.

7)	DUCTWORK

A.	Insulate ductwork in the following systems:

NOTE: EDIT AS REQUIRED.

1.	All air conditioning supply.

2.	Air conditioning return, except ductwork exposed in air conditioned spaces, and ductwork installed in hung ceiling where spaces immediately above and below are both air conditioned

3.	Heating and ventilating system supply, except ductwork exposed in heated spaces

4.	Outdoor heating and ventilating system return.

5.	Exhaust air ductwork between automatic dampers and louvers, outdoor air intake duct from louvers to air handling unit, outside air intake duct from plenum to air handling unit, kitchen range hood exhaust systems, exhaust duct passing through ai conditioned spaces, wet exhaust duct passing through air conditioned space, and any system when temperature may exceed 85 deg F

B.	Thickness shall be equal to the depth of the steel angles, except that the thickness shall be not less than 1 inch and not more than 2 inches. Insulation is not required where sound-lining is of minimum thickness specified for insulation

C.	Insulation schedule - rectangular ductwork except outdoor air intake duct = = -------------------------------------------------- ----- = INSULATION SCHEDULE - RECTANGULAR DUCTWORK = (SEE PARAGRAPH 2.07, B ABOVE) = = CONCEALED EXPOSED OUTDOOR = TYPE D-1 D-2 D-4 = FINISH --- --- F-3 = THICKNESS (MIN) 1 IN. 1 IN. 2 IN. = VAPORSEAL REQD. YES YES YES = -------------------------------------------------- ----- =

D.	Insulation schedule - round ductwork except outdoor air intake duct = = -------------------------------------------------- = INSULATION SCHEDULE - ROUND DUCTWORK = (SEE PARAGRAPH 2.07, B ABOVE) = = CONCEALED EXPOSED = TYPE D-1 D-1 = FINISH --- F-4 = THICKNESS (MIN) 1 IN. 1 IN. = VAPORSEAL REQD. YES YES = -------------------------------------------------- =

E.	Insulation schedule rectangular duct - for outside air intake duct = = -------------------------------------------------- = CONCEALED EXPOSED = TYPE D-3 D-4 = FINISH --- F-5 = THICKNESS (MIN) 2 IN. 2 1/2 IN. = VAPORSEAL REQD. YES YES = -------------------------------------------------- =

8)	PLENUMS, HOUSINGS AND CASINGS

A.	Insulate plenums, housings and casings in the following systems

1.	Air conditioning systems supply and return.

2.	Heating and ventilating system supply.

3.	Outside air intake: all systems.

4.	Mixing plenums: all systems.

5.	Exhaust ductwork between dampers and louvers.

6.	All humidifier housings.

B.	Insulation is not required where sound-lining is of minimum thickness specified for insulation

C.	Insulation schedule: = = -------------------------------------------------- ------------- = INSULATION SCHEDULE - PLENUMS, HOUSING & CASINGS = = CONCEALED EXPOSED INTERNALLY INSULATED = TYPE D-3 D-4 D-5 = FINISH --- F-5 --- = THICKNESS 2 IN. 2 1/2 IN. 1 IN. = VAPORSEAL REQD. YES YES NO = -------------------------------------------------- -------------- =

9)	HIGH TEMPERATURE DUCTWORK

A.	Systems: Insulate kitchen range hood exhaust, boiler breeching, rectangular diesel generator engine exhaust and ductwork when temperatures may exceed 180 deg F

B.	Insulation requirements for all interior and accessible exterior locations shall be 2 inch minimum. Type D-6 (calcium silicate) with Type F-6 finish

10)	FIREPROOF DUCTWORK

A.	Systems: ductwork acting as an integral part of two (2) hour rated fire partition, and duct sleeve connecting two (2) hour fire rated partition and fire damper, where fire damper cannot be mounted on wall and ductwork as noted

B.	Insulation requirements: insulation shall be Type D-7 (vermiculite), with two (2) layers of 1 inch each and Type F-6 finish for exposed, accessible ductwork. No finish is required for concealed ductwork

11)	FANS

A.	Insulate air conditioning supply and return fans located in non-air conditioned spaces, except non-ducted double width, double inlet fans and fans located inside insulated casings, kitchen range hood exhaust fans and fans handling unheated outdoor air as follows

B.	Insulation shall be minimum 1 1/2 inch, or as required to match sizes of reinforcing angles, Type D-3, with Type F-2 vaporseal at all seams

12)	EQUIPMENT - CHILLED WATER SYSTEMS

A.	Insulate chilled water pumps, chilled water heat exchangers, water chillers, chilled water by-pass chemical feed tanks, portions of refrigeration unit recommended by manufacturer and chilled water expansion tanks as follows

1.	Type D-3 insulation shall be without foil scrim, scored to fit curvature of equipment. Portions which will be removed for servicing shall be secured with Type F-7 adhesive to 18 gauge aluminum and flanged and bolted with cadmium plated bolts. Arrangement shall allow for removal and reinstallation without damage to insulation. Thickness shall be 2 inch. Finish shall be a skim coat of Type F-6 insulating cement covered with 1/16 inch coat of Type F-2 finish

2.	Type D-9 insulation (foamed plastic) shall be 1 inch thick. Finish shall be Type F-9 applied in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations at seams

13)	EQUIPMENT - HOT WATER SYSTEMS

A.	Insulate heat exchangers, hot water converters, hot water pumps, hot water expansion tank and hot water storage tanks as follows

1.	Insulation shall be Type D-2, without foil scrim, scored to fit curvature of equipment. Portions which will be removed for servicing shall be secured or adhered to 18 gauge aluminum and flanged and bolted to equipment with cadmium plated bolts. Arrangement shall allow for removal and reinstallation without damage to insulation. Thickness shall be 1 inch. Finish shall be Type F-6 finishing cement

14)	EQUIPMENT - STEAM SYSTEMS

A.	Insulate condensate pumps and tank, flash tank (except where above 8 ft and vented to atmosphere) and steam generator as follows

1.	Insulation shall be Type D-2 without foil scrim, scored to fit curvature of equipment. Portions which will be removed for servicing shall be secured or adhered to 18 gauge aluminum and flanged and bolted to equipment with cadmium plated bolts. Arrangement shall allow for removal and reinstallation without damage to insulation. Thickness shall be 1 1/2 inch. Finish shall be Type F-6 finishing cement

15)	COOLING COIL DRAIN PANS IN FIELD-FABRICATED AIR HANDLERS

A.	Insulation shall be Type D-8 cellular, 3 inches thick, imbedded in Type F-9 bedding and sealing compound.

Part 3 -	EXECUTION

1)	INSTALLATION

A.	General: Before applying insulation, complete and approve the required pressure and leakage tests of joints and connections. In addition, clean surfaces of dust, grease and foreign matter and dry before application of insulation. Insulation shall not be installed on pipe and black metal until the surface has received a prime coat of paint. All insulation joints shall be butted firmly together and all jackets shall be smoothly and securely installed. Insulate each pipe and duct individually. Do not use scrap pieces of insulation where a full length section will fit. Except for specific exceptions, insulate entire specified equipment, piping and duct systems

B.	Piping: On longitudinal overlaps, provide 2 inch minimum. For exposed work, install toward ceiling or wall. For weatherproof aluminum jackets, install on side to shed water. For underground piping, install on side, turned down. Use circumferential overlaps on weatherproof aluminum jackets. Insulation passing through sleeves or other openings shall be continuous. Install metal frames to protect edges of openings in insulation. Oversize insulation to accomodate heat tracing on piping. At penetration of fire or smoke barriers, wrap pipe with rock-wool insulation, seal jacket seam and seal end joints to adjacent sections of insulation

1.	Except as noted, the insulation for frost-proofed piping shall be the same as specified for the particular service, except that the insulation thickness shall be two (2) times the thickness indicated and oversized to fit over pipe and heating element. Outdoor piping shall be provided with F4 or F10 jacket

2.	Where specified thickness of insulation exceeds available single layer thickness, install insulation in two (2) layers with joints staggered

3.	Fill voids with Type F-6 insulating cement.

4.	For valves, fittings, flanges and accessories insulation, insulation type shall be as noted above. Unless otherwise noted, insulate valves including bonnets, flanges, fittings, strainers, expansion joints and specialties. Insulation for strainers, expansion joints, fittings and accessories requiring servicing or inspection. Insulation shall be removable and replaceable without damage, and enclosed within two-piece, No. 18 gauge aluminum covers fastened with cadmium-plated bolts and nuts. Insulation shall be of same thickness as adjacent piping insulation

a.	In piping systems insulated with fiberglass, secure insulation with wire. Under 3 inch pipe size, built-up coating of Type F-6 insulating and finishing cement to match the thickness of adjoining pipe insulation may be used

(1)	Finishes, Type F-1: Apply factory pre-molded cover and seal edges with Type F-9 vapor barrier sealer and fiberglass tape as recommended by the manufacturer

(2)	Finishes Types F-2 and F-3: Apply uniform layer of finish coating to cover the entire surface of fitting insulation and embed layer of fiberglass tape into wet coating, extending 2 inches over adjoining pipe covering. Apply finish layer of coating over the entire surface

b.	For above ground piping systems insulated with calcium silicate, wire on pre-molded sections of calcium silicate fitting covers or mitered seqments of pipe insulation. Under 3 inch IPS, built-up coating of insulating and finishing cement to match the thickness of adjoining pipe insulation may be used, with Type F-2 finish on exposed pipes. For exposed locations only, apply a skim coat of Type F-6 finishing cement to smooth out the surface of the fitting insulation and a coat of type F-2 finish

c.	Flanges: Insulation sleeve shall be of the same material as the pipe insulation, to cover the flange and overlap the insulation on the adjacent piping. For calcium silicate insulation, provide calcium silicate rings between the sleeve and the pipe insulation. Finish for outdoor locations only: a weatherproof aluminum jacket compatible with the weatherproof jacket on the adjoining pipe insulation

5.	Wiring, banding and fastening devices: Secure the insulation to the piping in accordance with the following minimum requirements

a.	Piping insulation section 3 ft long:

(1)	Type P-1 molded fiberglass: self-sealing laps may be used. Staples are not permitted on vaporsealed piping

(2)	Type P-2 calcium silicate: secured with wire at ends and center

(3)	Type P-5 insulation: banded per the manufacturer's recommendations

(4)	Other Types: per the manufacturer's recommendations

b.	For pipe fitting insulation, loops or wire shall be installed to secure mitered segments of insulation. The wire shall be spiraled from end to end on blanket insulation. Outdoor piping weatherproof aluminum jackets shall be banded at circumferential joints and at the center of each section

6.	At Pipe Hangers: For fiberglass insulated piping, provide an 18 inch long calcium silicate section continuous with the adjoining pipe insulation and jacket. Insulation protection saddles and shields shall be as specified in Section "PIPING". No hangers shall be embedded in insulation. Saddles shall be filled with insulation of type specified for the service, or filled with insulating cement

7.	Jackets and facings: All staples shall be sealed with Type F-9 vapor barrier sealant. Prior to sealing jackets on services below 35 deg F, apply 1/16 inch minimum thickness F-9 vapor barrier coating to ends of pipe insulation at butt joints, overlapping inside surface of insulation a minimum of 2 inches every 21 ft on straight runs. Adhere longitudinal laps if self-sealing laps are not used and as necessary to maintain integrity of the vaporseal. Adhere 3 inch wide joint strip, of same material as facing, at center of each butt joint, if self-sealing butt strips are not used

a.	Adhesives: Indoor shall be Type F-9. Weatherproof aluminum jacket shall be Type F-4

8.	Flexible uni-cellular insulation (foam): Apply insulation and fabricate fittings in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. Use the proper size material; do not stretch or strain insulation. To avoid undue compression of insulation, provide cork stoppers or wood inserts at supports, as recommended by the insulation manufacturer. Where feasible, slip insulation over the pipe or tubing prior to connection and seal the butt joints with adhesive. Where the slip-on technique is not possible, slit the insulation and apply it to the pipe, sealing the seam and joints with contact adhesive; optional tape sealing, as recommended by the manufacturer, may be employed. Make changes from mineral fiber insulation in a straight run of pipe, not at a fitting. Seal the joint with tape

C.	Ducts, plenums, casings, housing and equipment:

1.	Fiberglass blanket: Install 2 inch lap strip at one end; peel insulation for 2 inch and lap strip along longitudinal joints. Secure bottom of rectangular ducts over 24 inches wide with two (2) rows of weld pins 12 inches on center. Secure joints with outward clinching staples 6 inches on center. Seal all strips with foil vapor barrier tape and Type F-7 vaporseal adhesive

2.	Fiberglass board: Seal joints and breaks in facings with 3 inch wide tape to match facing and adhere with vapor seal adhesive. Apply 5 inch wide tape at corners. Weld pins on top, sides and bottom

3.	Calcium Silicate blocks: Secure insulation with wire on 9 inch centers with weld pins on sides and bottom. At penetration of smoke and fire barriers, seal opening between insulation and sleeve with firestop material in accordance with NFPA 90-A. See Fire Damper Installation detail

D.	Weld pins and anchors: Spacing shall be minimum 12 inch centers and minimum two (2) rows per side of duct. Maximum permissable load shall be 5 lb. for 2 inch x 2 inch baseplate and 10 lb. for 2 3/4 inch x 2 3/4 inch baseplate. Clip off pin penetrations flush with insulation surface or facing. Seal pins and washers with 4 inch square pieces of Type F-9 vapor barrier tape to match facing and adhere with vaporseal adhesive

E.	Adhesives and coatings:

1.	Apply at following rates, in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations

a.	Type F-2 vapor barrier coating shall be 50 sq. ft./gal

b.	Type F-9 vaporseal adhesive shall be 100 sq. ft./gal

c.	Type F-6 outdoor mastic (vinyl acrylic) shall be 12 sq. ft./gal

2.	Adhere jackets and facing with wet coat of Type F-9 adhesive. Lap sealing for full width of lap. Surfaces which will be adhered shall be completely coated with adhesive